Forensic Audit Model for the Detection and Prevention of Fraud in Public Enterprises

Abstract

This article aims to propose and substantiate a Forensic Audit Model oriented toward the detection and prevention of fraud in public companies in Bolivia, considering the structural, regulatory, and technological weaknesses that characterize the sector. The methodology employed was qualitative, with an exploratory and descriptive design. A documentary review of scientific literature, Bolivian regulations, and emblematic corruption cases was conducted, complemented by interviews with experts in forensic auditing, government oversight, and financial law. This triangulation made it possible to identify common fraud patterns, weaknesses in internal controls, and limitations in the application of forensic techniques within the Bolivian context. The results show that the main vulnerabilities are concentrated in the lack of robust internal controls, insufficient technical training of audit personnel, obsolete administrative processes, and limited incorporation of technologies such as data analytics, continuous monitoring, and specialized software. Likewise, the interviews revealed that the absence of a clear institutional policy and resistance to change hinder the implementation of forensic audits. Based on these findings, an integrated model is proposed, consisting of five components: strengthening internal control, incorporating forensic technology, continuous training, regulatory reforms, and the creation of a specialized unit. It is concluded that forensic auditing, when implemented strategically, constitutes an essential mechanism to improve transparency, reduce fraud risks, and strengthen accountability in Bolivian public companies.